摘 要 世界经济发展的趋势表明，制造业是一个国家经济发展的基石，也是增强国家竞争力的基础。在过去的20世纪中，是制造业给美国、日本和欧洲带来了巨大的经济发展和市场繁荣。无论科技怎样进步，发展先进的制造业都将是人类社会永恒的主题，制造业也将永远是人类社会的首席产业。 随着中国经济的迅速崛起，中国制造已经成为国内外政府、产业界和学术界关注的热点问题。日本有人叫嚣国内产业已经“空洞化”，认为中国是日本产业空洞化的罪魁祸首，也有人认为中国制造还远不是日本制造的对手。中国关于“中国制造崩溃论”和“中国制造世界制造中心论”的争论也异常激烈。因此，将“中国制造”与第三个世界制造中心日本的制造业进行比较分析，有利于对中国制造进行准确定位，对于政府制定产业政策和企业制定发展战略，有着一定的意义。 本文通过对世界制造中心的历次转移进行剖析，对影响制造业的宏观层面-中日国情、产业结构以及中日战略资源进行比较，对制造业的主要产业钢铁、纺织、汽车、机械、电子进行分析研究，并结合显示比较优势指数、贸易竞争力指数、产业内贸易指数等相关指标，认为中国远未成为世界制造中心，日本正经历产业升级而非空洞化，中日两国具有不同的比较优势，两国产业内贸易日趋紧密，经济互补性很强，崛起的中国对日本意味着巨大的发展机会，合作比竞争对两国更加有利。 本文共由五章组成。第一章为绪论；第二章是关于发展制造业的基本理论问题；第三章介绍了中日两国制造业的发展概况；第四章对中日制造进行了比较分析，包括宏观经济环境比较、成长阶段比较、典型的制造业产业比较，并运用几个指数对中日制造业进行了分析；第五章是对中国发展制造业提出的一些建议，以及本文的研究结论。

Abstract The tendency of the world economy development shows that manufacturing industry is the foundation of a national economy development .And it is the basis to sharpen the national competition edge. In the past 20th century, the manufacturing industry has brought huge economy development and market prosperity to America, Japan and Europe. No matter how advance the technology and science are, it is the eternal theme of human society to develop the advanced manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry will also be the chief industry of human society forever. With the rapid development of China economy, China-manufacture is becoming the hot point concerned by the governments industries and academes at home and abroad. Some Japanese claim that their domestic industry has already hollow out. In their opinion, China is the chief offender that makes Japanese industry hollow out .And there also someone thinks that China-manufacture is not the competitor of Japan-manufacture. In China, the argument between “China-manufacture collapsing” and “China-manufacture being the center of world” is also warm. Therefore, comparing China against the third world manufacture center(Japan)will be helpful for the policy formulating of the government and the strategic development working out of the enterprise. This article dissects all the previous transferring of manufacture center of the world, and compares two countries’ macroscopic factors, which will influence manufacture industry, such as national conditions, industrial structures as well as their strategic resources. It analyses the major industries such as electron, textile, automobile, machinery, iron and steel, referring to the following index: reveled comparative advantage(RCA), NTB and intra-industry trade(IIT). At last, I draw a conclusion that China is far from the center of world manufacture and Japan is going through industrial upgrading instead of hollowing out. The tow countries have different comparison advantages. The intra-industry trade between the two countries is becoming closer and closer day by day. The economic complementary between the two countries is very strong, the rising of China will bring Japan the great developing opportunities and the cooperation is better than competition between two countries. The article consists of five chapters. The first chapter is preface, the second one is the elemental knowledge of manufacturing industry; the third chapter introduces the development conditions of Chinese manufacturing industry and Japanese ; the fourth chapter makes the comparison on the macroscopic and analyses typical manufacturing industry; the last one is the conclusion and my own opinions.