山西省地处中国大陆内部,黄土高原东部,整体处于半湿润地区,西北少部分位于半干旱地区。是典型的资源型经济省份,有着得天独厚的煤炭资源,在全球气候变暖的背景下，随着煤炭长时间、大规模、超强度的开采,全省的生态环境长期处于积重难返的境地。而植被作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，在调节区域气候、维持地表能量平衡和生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用，研究山西省植被覆盖变化情况与气候变化的相应详细迫在眉睫。本研究基于三期土地利用遥感数据(2000年、2010年、2022年)、山西省及其周边140个气象站点数据(降水、气温、日照、湿度)、MODIS13Q1数据,运用土地利用转移矩阵、趋势分析法、偏相关分析、相关性强度等方法分析了2001-2022年山西省植被结构变化特征,从不同时间尺度下(年际、生长季、四季)分析了不同植被NDVI时空变化特征、不同植被气候变化趋势和特征(降水、气温、日照、湿度)及不同植被NDVI与气候变化的相关关系分析。得出以下结论：

（1）研究区包括林地、耕地、草地。其中耕地、草地面积总体呈减少趋势，林地面积总体呈增加趋势。

（2）研究区NDVI整体处于增长态势。显著退化区域（-0.039--0.01）仅占全省面积的0.59%，轻微退化（-0.01--0.001）占全省面积的3.37%，未变化区域（-0.001-0.001）占全省面积的3.21%；轻微改善区域（0.001-0.01）占全省面积的70.26%；明显改善态势（0.01-0.043）占全省面积的22.57%。耕地、林地、草地NDVI均呈增长态势，且除林地外，其他植被NDVI变化周期较为相似，波峰和波谷出现时间几乎同步，可能由人类活动造成。其中草地增长幅度（0.077/10a）>耕地（0.069/10a）>林地（0.054/10a）；生长季和四季耕地、林地、草地 NDVI 变化均呈增长趋势。其中生长季草地增长幅度（0.074/10a）>耕地（0.065/10a）>林地（0.063/10a）；春季林地增长幅度（0.066/10a）>草地（0.059/10a）>耕地（0.045/10a）；夏季草地增长幅度（0.084/10a）>耕地（0.081/10a）>林地增长幅度（0.059/10a）；秋季草地增长幅度（0.057/10a）>林地（0.053/10a）>耕地（0.046/10a）；冬季林地增长幅度（0.055/10a）>草地（0.042/10a）>耕地（0.0356/10a）。

（3）不同植被类型下,山西省降水、气温、日照时数总体均呈增长态势,湿度呈减少态势。总体上看，除冬季外，其他时间尺度降水均呈增长态势，表明冬季降水减少，气候干旱趋势明显；不同植被类型气温均呈增长态势，表明研究期内山西省气候不断变暖；除秋季外，其他时间尺度日照总体呈增长态势；研究期内，山西省湿度均呈减少态势，干旱趋势明显。

（4）山西省年际植被NDVI正向主导响应因子为降水；生长季植被NDVI正向主导响应因子为降水；春季植被NDVI正向主导响应因子为气温，春季草地NDVI正向主导响应因子为降水，表明春季草地植被对降水的响应最为敏感，草地较其他地类最早进入生长阶段；夏季植被NDVI正向主导响应因子为降水；秋季植被NDVI与气象因子响应较弱；冬季植被NDVI正向主导响应因子为日照，负向主导响应因子为湿度。2001-2022年年际、生长季、夏季山西省各植被NDVI主导响应因子均为降水，表明山西省植被对降水响应最为敏感，明显高于其他气象因子，降水仍然是制约山西植被生长的关键因素。

Shanxi Province is located in the interior of the Chinese mainland, east of the Loess Plateau, in a semi-humid region as a whole, with a small part of the northwest in a semi-arid region. It is a typical resource-based economic province with unique coal resources. Under the background of global warming, with the long-term, large-scale and ultra-intensive mining of coal, the ecological environment of the province has been in a difficult situation for a long time. As an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem, vegetation plays an important role in regulating regional climate, maintaining surface energy balance and biodiversity. It is urgent to study the changes of vegetation cover and climate change in Shanxi Province. Based on three periods of remote sensing land use data (2000, 2010, 2022), 140 meteorological stations in Shanxi Province and its surrounding areas (precipitation, temperature, sunshine, humidity), and MODIS13Q1 data, this study used land use transfer matrix, trend analysis, partial correlation analysis, correlation strength and other methods to analyze 2001-202 The characteristics of vegetation structure change in Shanxi Province in 2 years were analyzed from different time scales (interannual, growing season and four seasons), the spatio-temporal variation of NDVI of different vegetation, the trend and characteristics of climate change of different vegetation (precipitation, temperature, sunshine, humidity), and the correlation between NDVI and climate change of different vegetation were analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn:

(1) The study area includes woodland, cultivated land and grassland. The total area of cultivated land and grassland decreased, while the total area of forest land increased.

(2) NDVI in the study area is in an overall growth trend. The significant degradation area (-0.039--0.01) accounted for 0.59% of the province's area, the slight degradation area (-0.01--0.001) accounted for 3.37% of the province's area, and the unchanged area (-0.001 --0.001) accounted for 3.21% of the province's area. The area of slight improvement (0.001-0.01) accounted for 70.26% of the province; The significant improvement trend (0.01-0.043) accounted for 22.57% of the province's area. NDVI of cultivated land, forest land and grassland all showed an increasing trend, and the change cycle of NDVI of other vegetation except forest land was similar, and the time of peak and trough appeared almost simultaneously, which may be caused by human activities. The growth rate of grassland (0.077/10a) > cultivated land (0.069/10a) > forest land (0.054/10a); The changes of NDVI in cultivated land, forest land and grassland in growing season and four seasons showed an increasing trend. The growth rate of grassland (0.074/10a) > cultivated land (0.065/10a) > forest land (0.063/10a); In spring, the growth rate of forest land (0.066/10a) > grassland (0.059/10a) > cultivated land (0.045/10a); The growth rate of grassland (0.084/10a) > cultivated land (0.081/10a) > forest land (0.059/10a) in summer; The growth rate of grassland (0.057/10a) > forest land (0.053/10a) > cultivated land (0.046/10a) in autumn; The growth rate of forest land in winter (0.055/10a) > grassland (0.042/10a) > cultivated land (0.0356/10a).

(3) Under different vegetation types, precipitation, temperature and sunshine duration in Shanxi Province showed an overall increase trend, while humidity showed a decrease trend. In general, except winter, the precipitation of other time scales showed an increasing trend, indicating that winter precipitation decreased and climate drought trend was obvious. The temperature of different vegetation types showed an increasing trend, indicating that the climate in Shanxi Province was continuously warming during the study period. In addition to autumn, the sunshine in other time scales generally increased. During the study period, the humidity in Shanxi Province showed a decreasing trend, and the drought trend was obvious.

(4) Precipitation was the dominant positive response factor of NDVI in Shanxi Province. The dominant positive response factor of NDVI in the growing season was precipitation. The NDVI positive response factor of spring vegetation was temperature, and the NDVI positive response factor of spring grassland was precipitation, indicating that spring grassland vegetation was the most sensitive to precipitation, and grassland entered the growth stage earlier than other land species. The dominant positive response factor of NDVI in summer was precipitation. The response of NDVI to meteorological factors was weak in autumn. The positive dominant response factor of NDVI in winter is sunshine and the negative dominant response factor is humidity. The dominant NDVI response factor of all vegetation in Shanxi Province during the interannual, growing season and summer from 2001 to 2022 is precipitation, indicating that vegetation in Shanxi Province is most sensitive to precipitation, which is obviously higher than other meteorological factors. Precipitation is still the key factor restricting vegetation growth in Shanxi Province.

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