伴随着中国经济的飞速经济发展，相伴而生的另一个问题就是贫富差距的日益扩大。贫富差距过大，将危害社会和稳定，破坏社会安定团结的局面，进一步的也将影响到经济的可持续发展，我国的基尼系数已经超过的国际0.4的警戒线，如继续扩大，将使广大人民对社会主义市场经济产生怀疑，影响我国社会主义建设的伟大事业的成功，因此如何缩小贫富差距，应该是我国下一个阶段的重要研究方向。关于贫富差距问题，经济学中早有理论，认为公平与效率本是一对矛盾，不可兼得，但公平与效率之间却可以找到一个均衡点，使得在经济发展的同时保证社会的收入差距不会过分扩大，我们的目的是为了找到这个均衡点。日本是我国一衣带水的邻邦，二战以后经过二十余年的发展，一举成为世界第二经济强国，这成绩是举世瞩目的，在经济经济高速的同时，日本的贫富差距也一直保持在一个比较低的水平，在世界和日本人自己的眼里，日本是一个“一亿总中流”社会，社会的均等化程度是很高的，而且日本在飞速发展的同时，其贫富差距是不断缩小的，可以说得上是经济效率与公平兼顾的比较好的一个范例。本文主要研究日本战后经济发展的同时其贫富差距的变化历史及日本贫富差距形成的原因、日本政府为缩小贫富差距而制定的政策及其效果，中国目前贫富差距的状况，形成中国贫富差距的特殊原因，中国应从日本的经验里面学习什么经验，采取哪些措施，要受到哪些启示。本文将经济学相关理论与实际情况相结合，对现象进行深入剖析，从宏观和微观两方面对贫富差距的产生原因进行研究，试图通过对日本贫富差距的历史发展及其原因进行分析，从日本政府的政策、日本社会、日本发展的特殊背景等方面去考察，并从横向与纵向两方面进行探讨，对比中国的国情与特殊情况，系统的从日本的经验里得出符合中国国情的经验与教训，如加大教育投资，改进社会保障制度，对农业进行支持，加快劳动力的流动，希望能够抛砖引玉，使我国也能探索一条适合我国国情的经济发展与公平兼顾的道路。

Accompany with a great development of Chinese economy, a serious ploblem that the gap between rich and poor in our country is increasing speedly.The gap between rich and poor leads greatly, will endanger a society and stabilize, breaking a society to stabilize incorporation of situation, further of will also influence to economy of can keep on a development, Gini coefficient already exceed of nations 0.4 of warnning line, if continue to extend, will make the large people bring about doubt on the socialism market economy, influence our country socialism construction of the success of the great business, so how contract the gap between rich and poor, should be our country next stage of important research direction. There is theories early in the economics concerning the gap between rich and poor problem, think the equity and efficiency are should be a rightness of antinomies, can not have both at the same time, but of the equity and efficiency can find out an a little bit balanced, make at economic development of in the meantime promise a society of the income margin will not extend excessively, our purpose is for finding out this a balanced point. Japan is our country a dress take a water of neighboring country, two wars will become world with one action the second economy big country through the development of more than 20 years hereafter, this result is what the whole world focus attention, at economic economy high speed of in the meantime, the gap between rich and poor of Japans also has been keep in a level with lower ratio, in the world and the Japanese own eye, Japan is a"100,000,000 total midstream" society, the on an equal footing turn of the society degree is very high, and while Japan is flying to develop soon, its the gap between rich and poor contracts continuously, can say up is the economic efficiency looks after both sides with equity of better of an example. This text mainly studies post-war economy in Japan to develop of the variety history and Japanese gap between rich and poor of its the gap between rich and poor become in the meantime of in order to contract the policy and its result of the gap between rich and poor but establishment, reason,Japanese government China currently the condition of the gap between rich and poor, become the special reason of the Chinese gap between rich and poor, China should from experience inside study of Japans what experience, adopt which measures, be subjected to to which apocalypses. This text economics the related theories combine together with actual circumstance, carrying on a thorough analysis to the phenomenon, carrying on a research from the creation reason of the macro view and the tiny view both side to the gap between rich and poor, try to pass to the Japanese gap between rich and poor of the history development and its reason carry on analysis, the policy,Japanese society,Japan that is from the Japanese government develop of special background etc. aspect investigate, and from horizontal with lengthways the both side carry on a study, contrasting the state of the nation of Chinas with the special circumstance, system of from Japan of in experience get match Chinese state of the nation of experience and precept, hope to obtain some experience and enlighten, get some draw lessons from, make our country can also investigate an in keeping with our country state of the nation of economic the development look after both sides with equity of road.