“时”、“体”是说话者为自己要传达的与时间意义有关的内容赋予某一特定的效果，以便将抽象的内容变成具体的事实的一种语法手段。本论文在充分吸收前沿研究成果的基础上，采用描写和对比的研究方法，较系统、较详细地对比研究韩国语和英语的各种“时”和“体”的意义和用法；详细探讨韩国语中特有的两种“时”、“体”——相对时和预定体，并找出其在英语中的对应表达方式。首先从形态、语义等角度，对韩国语和英语的“时”和“体”进行分类，然后对韩国语和英语的各种“时”、“体”的特点及各种用法和意义进行共时描述和对比，最后从语义、语用、语言心理等角度解释其相同点和不同点。论文共分六大部分，即由三个章节构成的论文主体论述部分，以及绪论、结论、参考文献三部分。第二章以“时间和时、体”为题，讨论时间、语言和现实之间存在的既客观又主观的关系，确定“时”和“体”的概念，然后分别论述韩国语和英语的“时”、“体”及其分类。第三章和第四章从形态和语义上描述和对比分析韩国语和英语的各种“时”、“体”的意义及用法。韩国语的“时”由活用形词尾来表示，绝对时用非语末时制词尾表示，相对时用语末非终结冠形词形词尾表示。韩国语的“体”由补助性连接词尾或表示意图的从属形词尾与补助动词的结合体表示。这些形式不受主语与动词之间一致关系的制约，只是随着动词词干的阴阳性区分出现一些变体。英语中，除了表示将来时间的“will/shall”外，表示其他“时”、“体”的动词语法形式都是由主动词的曲折变化形式或助动词加主动词的曲折变化形式构成。这些形式都有变体，随着主语人称和数的不同而变化，也随着谓语动词形态的不同而不同，还有规则动词与不规则动词变体。韩国语和英语的“时”、“体”之间在语义上都存在相互交叉的现象，这在韩国语中尤为明显。韩国语和英语的现在时和过去时在不同的语境中都可以表示现在、过去或将来的动作，韩国语的现在时还可以表示正在进行的动作，过去时还可以表示与现在有关联的已经完成的动作，英语的进行体可以表示将来的动作。另外，韩国语和英语的“时”、“体”在使用上也出现不同的“时”或“体”之间的转移现象。例如，在同一语境中过去时和现在时的交替使用，过去时和过去进行体的交替使用等。这些现象表明在特定的语境中，韩国语和英语的“时”、“体”都出现中和现象。这种语法形式与其所表达意义之间的不一致现象，说明了人们在使用语言时的主观性及其心理特征，体现了“时”、“体”的双重性——客观性和主观性。韩国语“时”、“体”的特殊之处是有相对时和预定体。相对时由四种冠形词形词尾“-（?）?”、“-?”、“-?”和“-(?)?”表示，相当于英语中三种非限定动词词组、介词词组或关系分句等形式的用法 ；预定体由“-? ??”、“-? ??”、“-?? ??”、“-?? ??”、“ –?? ??”等结构表示，相当于英语中使动结构、被动结构或一些表达将来意义的语法结构的用法。相比之下，英语“时”、“体”的特殊性是可以用不同的“时”或“体”的形式，如现在时、过去时、现在进行体、过去进行体、将来进行体等表示委婉或礼貌的语气。这些表达形式超越时间的限制，表示交际双方之间在心理上的距离，即发话者以自身为立足点并试图与受话者之间建立某种心理上的距离，这种距离感受使受话者感到发话者的态度较客气、语气较婉转。而在韩国语中，这种礼貌或婉转语气很少借助“时”或“体”，而在多数情况下是由敬语法表示的。

On the basis of previous studies by other scholars, this paper aims at describing and exploring the similarities and differences between Korean and English tense and aspect. Korean and English tense and aspect will be classified structurally and semantically, their features and functions will be compared synchronically and then interpreted semantically, pragmatically and psycholinguistically. It explores in details the two special Korean tense and aspect, relative tense and prospective aspect, and their correspondent expressions in English. It falls into six parts: introduction, three main parts, conclusion and references. Chapter Two discusses the subjective and objective relations among time, language and reality, followed by specific classification of Korean and English tense and aspect. Chapter Three and Four describe and compare Korean and English tense and aspect structurally and semantically, and then interpret their similarities and differences. Korean absolute tenses are expressed by prefinal tense morphemes, relative tenses are expressed by Kwanhyong suffixes and aspects by auxiliary conjunctions and auxiliary verbs, which have no varieties. English tenses and aspects are expressed by inflectional tense morphemes, which vary according to person and number of the subject. Korean and English tense and aspect interrelate semantically and pragmatically, which indicates the neutralization among them. Korean and English present tense and past tense can express present, past and future in special context. Korean present tense can mean progressive and past tense means perfect, while English progressive can mean future. Both Korean and English allow the co-occurrence of present tense and past tense, or past tense and past progressive. This kind of inconsistency between forms and meanings proves the subjectivity and mental features of human beings during communication as well as the duality of tense and aspect, subjectivity and objectivity. Unlike English, Korean has relative tense and prospective aspect. Relative tense is expressed by ‘-n’，‘-ton’，‘-n+n’ and ‘-l’ corresponding to non-finite verb phrases, preposition phrases or relative clauses in English. Prospective aspect is expressed by ‘-ke ha-’, ‘-dorok ha-’, ‘-ke dye-’‘-goja ha-’, ‘ryeoko ha-’ corresponding to causatives, passives or some future expressions in English. English is quite different from Korean in that its present tense, past tense, present progressive, past progressive and future progressive can express speaker’s politeness and indirectness. These timeless expressions indicate mental distance between speaker and listener, which enables polite and less aggressive communication to take place.