由于磷的过量排放，对我国水环境造成了严重的污染，与其他除磷方法相比，生物法除磷的运行成本较低，并且可以同时进行脱氮除磷，且在最佳条件下对磷的去除率较高，但生物法除磷的效果不稳定，出水时可能无法达到磷的排放标准。为了解决这一问题，本研究利用阴阳离子交换膜的组合反应器，通过离子浓度强度差，构建出无动力的强化除磷反应器，达到低浓度含磷废水除磷的目的；并且以纤维素海绵为原料，通过环氧氯丙烷和乙二胺对其进行改性，制备成吸附除磷材料，用以加快反应器的除磷效果，同时达到回收磷的目的；探究不同因素对强化除磷反应器与改性纤维素海绵除磷效果的影响。
结果表明：强化除磷反应器中加入1% NaCl时，对于5.00 mg/L的磷酸根溶液，4 d去除率可以达到85%，5 d时可以达到92%，磷酸根的含量 < 0.5 mg/L，达到磷排放的一级标准；MgCl2和CaCl2溶液的除磷效果要优于NaCl，同种类的盐溶液，1%的盐溶液除磷效果优于3%和5%的盐溶液。同时，反应器温度在30℃时除磷效果为最佳；并且，磷酸根浓度越低，反应器除磷所需时间越短。对于模拟的生活废水，反应器除磷所需时间要稍长，但去除率仍可达到93%。
纤维素海绵的改性试验，首先进行了不同改性条件下，纤维素海绵的除磷实验，确定了各因素下的最优条件，对比单一最优条件和全部最优条件下，改性海绵对磷酸根的去除率，发现全部最优条件下改性的纤维素海绵（10 mL环氧氯丙烷，40℃，60 min；2 mL乙二胺，70℃，90 min），去除率更高，除磷效果更好。
未改性的纤维素海绵对磷去除率在3% ~ 6%，改性后的纤维素海绵对磷酸根的去除率可以达到91%，在30 min的时候，吸附速率最快，之后吸附速率迅速降低；温度则对于磷酸根的去除率影响较小；pH在5 ~ 7的范围内，改性海绵对磷酸根的去除率最高为76%；在溶液中充入CO2可以提高磷酸根的去除率，流速0.1 m/s，充入8 min，磷酸根去除率为78%。
将改性纤维素海绵与反应器相结合，对于5.00 mg/L的磷酸根溶液，3 d的去除率就可以达到90%，达到一级排放标准；对于直接处理生活废水，7 d后磷酸根残余量为0.45 mg/L，去除率达到92%。改性纤维素海绵加快了反应器的除磷效率。1 g改性海绵在2 h内，最大吸附量达到20.98 mg/L。
综上所述，离子交换膜与改性纤维素海绵组合系统，对于水体中磷酸根去除效果优异，对于解决生物处理废水中，末端低浓度磷去除难的问题，具有实践意义。
 

The excessive discharge of phosphorus has caused serious pollution to the water environment in China. Compared with other phosphorus removal methods, the operation cost of biological phosphorus removal is lower, and nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed simultaneously. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of phosphorus is higher. However, the effect of biological phosphorus removal is not stable, and may not meet the phosphorus discharge standard. In order to solve this problem, this study used the combined reactor of anion and cation exchange membrane to construct an unpowered enhanced phosphorus removal reactor through the difference of ion concentration intensity, so as to achieve the purpose of phosphorus removal from low concentration phosphorus-containing wastewater. Cellulose sponge, modified by epichlorohydrin and ethylenediamine, was prepared into adsorption phosphorus removal materials to accelerate the phosphorus removal effect of the reactor. At the same time, we achieved the purpose of recovery of phosphorus. The study investigated the effects of different factors on enhanced phosphorus removal reactor and modified cellulose sponge.
The results showed that when 1% NaCl was added into the enhanced phosphorus removal reactor, the removal rate of 5.00 mg/L phosphate solution can reach 85% in 4 days, while it can reach 92% in 5 days. Moreover, the content of phosphate was lower than 0.5 mg/L, which can meet the first standard of phosphorus emission. And the phosphorus removal effects of MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions were better than that of NaCl. For the same kind of salt solution, the phosphorus removal effect of 1% salt solution was better than that of 3% and 5% salt solution. When the temperature of the reactor was 30℃, the phosphorus removal effect was the best. Moreover, the lower the phosphate concentration was, the shorter the time required for phosphorus removal. For simulated domestic wastewater, the time required for phosphorus removal in the reactor was slightly longer, but the removal rate can still reach 93%.
For the modification test of cellulose sponge, the phosphorus removal experiments of cellulose sponge under different modification conditions were first carried out. The optimal conditions under each factor were determined. The removal rate of phosphate under single optimal conditions and all optimal conditions was compared. The results showed that under all optimal conditions, the modified cellulose sponge（10 mL epichlorohydrin, 40℃, 60 min; 2 mL ethylenediamine, 70℃, 90 min）, the removal rate was higher and the phosphorus removal effect was better.
The phosphorus removal rate of unmodified cellulose sponge was 3% ~ 6%, while its removal rate of phosphate of modified cellulose sponge can reach 91%. The adsorption rate was the fastest at 30 min, and then the adsorption rate decreases rapidly. Temperature had little the effect on the removal rate of phosphate. When the pH was in the range of 5 ~ 7, the removal rate of phosphate of modified sponge was up to 76%. Filling CO2 into the solution can also improve the removal rate of phosphate, with a flow rate of 0.1 m/s for 8 min, the removal rate of phosphate was 78%.
The modified cellulose sponge was combined with the reactor. For 5.00 mg/L phosphate solution, the removal rate was 90% in three days, which reached the national level emission standards. For treating domestic wastewater directly, the residual phosphate was 0.45 mg/L after seven days, and its removal rate reached 92%. Modified cellulose sponge has accelerated the phosphorus removal efficiency of the reactor. The maximum adsorption capacity of 1 g modified sponge reached 20.98 mg/L within 2 h. 
In summary, the combined system of ion exchange membrane and modified cellulose sponge had an excellent phosphate removal effect on water. It is of practical significance to solve the problem of difficult removal of low concentration phosphorus at the end of biological treatment wastewater.
 

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